Centrifuge is a kind of machine that can complete the separation of different components in the solid-liquid two-phase or insoluble liquid-liquid two-phase mixture, and its working principle is that the solid-liquid two-phase or liquid-liquid two-phase because of different density, the degree of centrifugal movement is different, so as to complete the separation of different components.
Complete the separation of the solid-liquid two phases in the suspension, complete the separation of two liquids with different densities and not mutually soluble in the emulsion, or separate the liquid components in the wet solid. Compared with other separation machinery, centrifuge has the advantages of high efficiency, small size, good sealing and less auxiliary equipment.
Centrifuges, in most cases as post-processing equipment for production processes, are widely used in dehydration, concentration, separation, clarification and other processes. With the continuous development of various industries, various types of centrifuges are constantly being upgraded, and new models of centrifuges are also emerging. In chemical and pharmaceutical (especially in the bulk drug) production process separation equipment, spiral centrifuge has become one of the key equipment.
Classification of centrifuges
Centrifuge varieties are complex, can be classified according to separation principle, operation purpose, operation method, structure, separation factor, discharge method and so on.
Classification by centrifugal separation elements
1) Constant speed centrifuge
α<3000, mainly used to separate small particles of suspension and dehydration of materials. This centrifuge has a lower speed and a larger diameter.
2) High speed centrifuge
3000<α<50000, mainly used to separate emulsion and fine suspension. This type of centrifuge has a higher speed, generally a smaller drum diameter, and a longer length.
3) Ultra-high speed centrifuge
Ultra-high speed centrifuge α>50000, mainly used to separate the phase is not easy to separate the suspension system of ultrafine fine particles and polymer colloidal suspension. Because the speed is very high (above 50000r/min), the drum is made into a slender tube.
The separation factor α refers to the ratio of the centrifugal force received by the material in the centrifugal force field to the gravity received by the material in the gravitational field.
Classified by centrifuge operating principle
1) Filter centrifuge This is a centrifuge with holes in the drum wall to complete the filtration separation by centrifugal force.
2) Sedimentation centrifuge This is a type of centrifuge with no hole in the drum wall and complete sedimentation separation by centrifugal force.
3) Separation centrifuge This is a type of drum wall without holes, with a great speed, generally above 4000r/min, separation factor of more than 3000 centrifuges.
